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APA 7th Edition Referencing Guide
American Psychological Association (APA) Referencing Style is based on an author-date system with in-text referencing and a reference list.
Reference List
This guide explains how to create end-text references/ reference list in the APA 7th referencing style.
1. Book
Print Book (Authored book)Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work. Publisher.
Author=Surname, A= Initial of First Name, A= Initial of Middle Name
Calfee, R. C. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication. American Psychological Association.
Ebook
eBook access from an academic research database
Note: Do not include a URL or database information for works from an academic research database
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of book [edition]. Publisher. DOI
Williamson, G. R., Bellman, L., & Webster, J. (2012). Action research in nursing and healthcare. SAGE Publications Ltd. https://login.research4life.org/tacsgr1www_doi_org/10.4135/9781446289112
eBook access from a website
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work [edition]. Publisher. URL
Alfaro-LeFevre, R. (2014). Applying nursing process: The foundation for clinical reasoning (8th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. https://books.google.bt/books?id=dlqbmpuhPEcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=nursing&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUhs-ipJjvAhXIdn0KHaqOD2cQ6AEwCHoECAgQAg#v=onepage&q=nursing&f=false
One to Twenty Authors
Include all authors in the reference list.
Twenty-one or More Authors
List the first 19 authors enter three full stops (ellipsis) then enter the last author.
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., Author, D. D., Author, E. E., Author, F. F., Author, G. G., Author, H. H., Author, I. I., Author, J. J., Author, K. K., Author, L. L., Author, M. M., Author, N. N., Author, O. O., Author, P. P., Author, Q. Q., Author, R. R., Author, S. S., . . . Author, Z. Z. (Year of publication). Title of work. Publisher. DOI or URL
Edited Book with No Author
Duncan, G. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. Sage Foundation.
Edited Book with an Author or Authors
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work. A. A. Author (Ed.) Publisher.
A= Initial of First Name, A= Initial of Middle Name, Author= Surname
Plath, S. (2000). The unabridged journals. K. V. Kukil (Ed.). Anchor.
Edition Other Than the First
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work (5th ed.). Publisher. DOI or URL
Helfer, M. E., Keme, R. S., & Drugman, R. D. (1997). The battered child (5th ed.). University of Chicago Press.
Unknown Author
If there is no author, use the organisation that published the book (if there is one). If there is no organisation, use the title of the book in the place of an author.
Example:
New concise world atlas. (2007). Oxford University Press.
A Translated Work
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work (A. Translator, Trans.). Publisher. (Original work published Year). DOI or URL
Laplace, P. S. (1951). A philosophical essay on probabilities (F. W. Truscott & F. L. Emory, Trans.). Dover. (Original work published 1814).
NB When you cite a republished work, like the one above in your text, it should appear with both dates.
Example: Laplace (1814/1951) says ...
Multi-volume Work
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work (Vols. x). Publisher. DOI or URL
Wiener, P. (Ed.). (1973). Dictionary of the history of ideas (Vols. 1-4). Scribner's.
Book Chapter
Chapter in an Edited BookAuthor, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In A. A. Editor & B. B. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pages of chapter). Location: Publisher. DOI or URL
A= Initial of First Name, A= Initial of Middle Name, Editor= Surname
O'Neil, J. M., & Egan, J. (1992). Men's and women's gender role journeys: Metaphor for healing, transition, and transformation. In B. R. Wainrib (Ed.), Gender issues across the life cycle (pp. 107-123). Springer.
Organization as Author
Organization Author. (Year of publication). Title of work. Publisher. DOI or URL
If the corporate author and publisher are the same, you may omit the publisher.
Ministry of Education. (2020). iSherig: Education ICT master plan . Kuensel.
Ministry of Health. (2019). Annual health bulletin.
2. References for Printed Journals, Newspapers and Magazines
Journal Article Paginated by Volume NumberAuthor, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number, pages. URL
Harlow, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing psychology journal articles. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 893-896.
Journal Article Paginated by Issue Number
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), pages. URL
Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 15(30), 5-13.
Article in a Newspaper/Magazine
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day of publication). Title of article. Title of Newspaper/Magazine , pp. xx. URL
Unlike other source, p. or pp. precedes page numbers for a newspaper reference in the APA style. Single page takes p. (eg p. 2); multiple pages take pp. (eg pp. 2-6).
Schultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies. The Country Today , pp. 1-2.
Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.
3. References for electronic Sources (e-journals, e-books, online newspaper)
Article from an Online Periodical with DOI AssignedAuthor, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), pages. DOI
Karaca, T., & Aslan, S. (2018). Effect of ‘nursing terminologies and classifications’ course on nursing students’ perception of nursing diagnosis. Nurse Education Today, 67, 114-117. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2018.05.011
Article from an Online Periodical with No DOI Assigned
Online scholarly journal articles without a DOI require the URL of the journal home page.
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume(issue), pages. URL
Kenneth, I. A. (2000). A Buddhist response to the nature of human rights. Journal of Buddhist Ethics, 8(2), 23-30. http://www.cac.psu.edu/jbe/twocont.html
Newspaper Article from webpage
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day of publication). Title of news item. News Site. URL
Namgay, T. (2021, February 15). Changlimithang to have top-quality volleyball courts. Kuensel. https://kuenselonline.com/changlimithang-to-have-top-quality-volleyball-courts/
4. Website / webpage
Entire websiteWhen citing an entire website, it is sufficient to cite the address in the text (in-text citation). No entry is needed in the end-text reference list.
In-text citation: Ministry of Health (http://health.gov.bt) is a website supporting . . .
Webpage on a website
Note: Only cite an item as a webpage when it does not fit into any other category e.g. journal, blog, conference proceedings.
Author, A. A. / Organization. (Year, Month Day of creation). Title of work. Name of Web site. URL
World Health Organization. (2009). Health hygiene: Why, how & when?. Ministry of Health. http://www.moh.gov.bt/wp-content/uploads/ftps/imnci/Hand_Hygiene%20Wash_Why_How_and_When.pdf
Author, A. A. (n.d.). Title of work . Name of Web site. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from Name of Web site. URL
World Health Organization. (n.d.). Health hygiene: Why, how & when?. Retrieved March 15, 2021, from Ministry of Health. http://www.moh.gov.bt/wp-content/uploads/ftps/imnci/Hand_Hygiene%20Wash_Why_How_and_When.pdf
Government Documents/ Reports
Author, A. A. / Corporate Author. (Year of publication). Title of report (Report number). Publisher. DOI or URL
Author, A. A. / Corporate Author. (Year of publication). Title of report (Title of report series, Issue No.) Publisher. DOI or URL
Note: If the corporate author and publisher are the same, you may omit the publisher.
Ministry of Health. (2020). Annual health bulletin 2020. http://www.moh.gov.bt/wp-content/uploads/ict-files/2017/06/health-bulletin-Website_Final.pdf
References
American Psychological Association. (2021). APA style blog. https://apastyle.apa.org/blog